Definicja i sposób obliczania
Jest to jeden z podstawowych parametrów w ocenie drzewa, używany we wszelakich metodach obliczeniowych (SIA, próba obciążeniowa, tomografia, a także rezystografia).
Zasadniczo jest to wartość niemianowana, ale przyjęło się wyrażać go w procentach (po pomnożeniu przez 100%) co ponoć ułatwia jego odbiór.
Współczynnik bezpieczeństwa określa odporność drzewa na złamanie lub wykrot, względem przewidywanego obciążenia.
Wyrażamy go więc wzorem WB = (nośność) / (obciążenia) * 100%
Ze względów bezpieczeństwa przyjmuje się, że powinien od wynosić co najmniej 150%, aby uniknąć konsekwencji błędów w szacowaniu nośności bądź obciążania.
O danych wejściowych do liczenia współczynników bezpieczeństwa przeczytasz w artykułach: Analiza naporu wiatru oraz Zarys biomechaniki drzew, trójkąt statyki, przyczyny i przeciwdziałanie awarii a także w opisach badań instrumentalnych takich jak Tomografia soniczna drzewa czy Statyczna próba obciążeniowa (elasto-inklino).
P.S.
Niektórzy autorzy inaczej definiują współczynniki bezpieczeństwa.
Mianowice wartością podstawową jest „bezpieczeństwo podstawowe drzewa„, które określa współczynnik bezpieczeństwa dla drzewa bez uszkodzeń (przy aktualnym obciążeniu). Natomiast pojęcia „bezpieczeństwo aktualne pnia na złamanie” oraz „bezpieczeństwo aktualne stabilności w gruncie” odnoszą się do bieżących współczynników bezpieczeństwa dla tych cech.
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